刃物教室

About Blades

刃物鋼の重要性Importance of cutting steel

鋼は用途に応じて極めて多種類あるのですが、刃物に適した鋼は『切れ味良く、折れず、曲らず、欠けず、然も永切れする』等の条件を満足させねばなりません。これらの特性を備える必要がある上に、特性を生かす熱処理と刃研ぎが必要で、良い刃物を作る根本になります。

There are many kinds of steel depending on the application, but the steel suitable for cutting tools you must satisfy conditions such as 'It is sharp, does not break, does not bend, does not chip, and also lasts long. In addition to having these characteristics, heat treatment and blade sharpening are necessary to make the best use of these characteristics, and this is the basis of making good blades.

刃物鋼の含有元素の影響Influence of elements contained in cutting steel

C (炭素)
C (Carbon)
刃物の切れ味を出す根本元素。多すぎるともろくなる。硬さと粘さを左右します。
The basic element that sharpens a knife. Too much makes it brittle. It affects the hardness and viscosity.
Si (ケイ素)
Si (Silicon) 
これが多いと曲げに耐える性能も悪くなり火造りにもろさが出ます。
If many of them are used, the ability to withstand bending deteriorates and the fire making becomes fragile.
Mn (マンガン)
Mn (Manganese)
少量あると鋼の硬さ及び粘り強さを増します。また、鋼の中のS(イオウ)の悪さを除く役目を果たします。
Small amounts increase the hardness and toughness of the steel. It also helps to remove the bad quality of S (Sulfur) in steel.
P (リン)
P (Lin)
有害。低温でもろさを表します。加工の際亀裂を生じやすくなる等、刃物鋼には最も嫌われる不純物です。
Harmful. It shows brittleness at low temperature. It is the most unwelcome impurity for cutting steel because it tends to crack during processing.
S (イオウ)
S (Sulfur)
有害。鍛錬性を悪くし、火造りの際はもろくなり伸びや絞り、衝撃にも耐える事が出来なくなります。
Harmful. It deteriorates the workability and becomes brittle during fire making, making it unable to withstand stretching, squeezing and impact.
Cr (クローム)
Cr (Chrome)
鋼の粒子が高温になっても粗くなるのを防ぐと共に焼きが硬く、切れ味と摩耗抵抗を増します。
It prevents steel particles from becoming rough even at high temperatures, and it is hard to bake, increasing sharpness and wear resistance.
W (タングステン)
W (Tungsten)
粒子が微密になり耐摩耗もよく、焼きも入りやすいため高硬度と鋭い切れ味が得られます。
The particles become very fine, the abrasion resistance is good, and the burning is easy to enter, so high hardness and sharp cutting quality can be obtained.
Mo (モリブデン)
Mo (Molybdenum)
焼入れやすく強靭になり切れ味と耐摩耗性にも効果がある貴重な元素です。
It is a precious element that is easy to quench and strong, and also effective in sharpness and abrasion resistance.
Ni (ニッケル)
Ni (Nickel)
焼入れやすく強靭になり粘さを増します。粒子が大きくなるのを防いでくれる貴重な元素です。
It is easy to quench and becomes strong and thick. It is a precious element that prevents particles from growing.
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